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Create a 7 slide presentation to illustrate your knowledge of the U.S. electorate, campaigns, and political parties. You can include photos, illustrations, videos, or audio clips, as appropriate.
In your presentation:
Explain the purpose and functions of the United States’ political parties.
Describe the ways U.S. citizens can participate in the campaign and election process.
Explain the functions and purpose of caucuses and primary elections in political campaigns, particularly in presidential elections.
Explain the presidential general election campaign process and the important factors and events that influence it.
You applied for an internship with your local senator, and many others are competing for the position. To select the best person for the job, the senator wants to determine what each intern applicant knows about the U.S. electoral system.
Create a 7 slide presentation to illustrate your knowledge of the U.S. electorate, campaigns, and political parties. You can include photos, illustrations, videos, or audio clips.
In your presentation:
Explain the purpose and functions of the United States’ political parties.
Describe the ways U.S. citizens can participate in the campaign and election process.
Explain the functions and purpose of caucuses and primary elections in political campaigns, particularly in presidential elections.
Explain the national political party conventions’ role in the presidential election process.
Explain the presidential general election campaign process and the important factors and events that influence it.
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The remainder of this thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 2 provides a review of the relevant literature on self-praise, self-denigration, and online self-presentation strategies, as well as the cultural context of Jordan. Chapter 3 outlines the methodology employed in the study, including the selection of participants, data collection, and data analysis procedures. Chapter 4 presents the study’s findings, while Chapter 5 discusses the results and their implications for theory and practice. Finally, Chapter 6 offers conclusions and recommendations for future research.
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Whether you realize it or not, we are all impacted by public policy and the federal government agencies that create them. This week, we will investigate how these policies are established and how they can impact your life.
Public policy and the federal government agencies
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
Discuss at least 2 examples of policies implemented by the organization you selected that impact your daily work or personal activities.
After reviewing the A-Z Index of U.S. Government Departments and Agencies on the USA.gov website, I have identified the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the department that has the most significant impact on me both personally and professionally. The EPA is responsible for protecting human health and the environment, and its policies directly influence various aspects of my daily work and personal activities.
Clean Air Act: One significant policy the EPA implements is the Clean Air Act. This act sets standards and regulations to control air pollution and ensure clean air quality. This policy affects my work professionally as I am involved in an industry that emits air pollutants. Compliance with the Clean Air Act requires monitoring and reporting emissions, implementing pollution control technologies, and adhering to emission limits. Personally, this policy impacts me by safeguarding my air quality, promoting public health, and reducing the risk of respiratory issues and other health problems associated with air pollution.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA): The EPA’s RCRA establishes regulations for managing and disposing hazardous waste. This policy has direct implications for my work and personal activities. Professionally, I must adhere to RCRA guidelines to ensure proper handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials generated in my workplace. This includes maintaining accurate records, implementing waste minimization practices, and ensuring compliance with waste management procedures. On a personal level, the RCRA policy ensures that hazardous waste is handled responsibly, minimizing the risk of environmental contamination, water sources, and public health.
The EPA’s policies, such as the Clean Air Act and RCRA, significantly impact my professional responsibilities and personal well-being. They provide a regulatory framework that helps protect the environment, ensure public health, and promote sustainable practices. By enforcing these policies, the EPA plays a crucial role in shaping my work practices, influencing the decisions made within my organization, and contributing to a cleaner and healthier environment for me and future generations.
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U.S. Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy Worksheet
Part I:
Review the 15 executive departments listed below, and select 5 of them:
U.S. Department of State
U.S. Department of the Treasury
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of Justice
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Department of Agriculture
U.S. Department of Commerce
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Department of Transportation
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Department of Education
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Use the departments you selected to complete the matrix below. Consider how these agencies may affect you personally and professionally.
Major Federal Department
Sub-Departments (List at Least 3)
Identify Departments’ Functions
Sample: U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Indian Affairs
They oversee the National Parks, manage land resources and potential protected lands, and oversee Native American affairs and needs.
U.S. Federal Bureaucracy and Public Policy
U.S. Department of State: The Department of State is responsible for conducting U.S. foreign policy and managing diplomatic relations with other countries. It plays a crucial role in promoting American interests, negotiating treaties, handling international crises, and providing consular services to U.S. citizens abroad. The department also oversees the operations of U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide.
U.S. Department of the Treasury: The Department of the Treasury manages the federal government’s finances. It is key in formulating and implementing economic and financial policies, including taxation, government borrowing, and financial sector regulation. The department also oversees currency production and enforcement of economic sanctions against other countries.
U.S. Department of Defense: The Department of Defense is responsible for the defense of the United States and its interests worldwide. It is the largest and most complex department, overseeing the United States military forces, including the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force. The department develops military strategy, acquires weapons and equipment, and conducts operations to protect national security.
U.S. Department of Justice: The Department of Justice is responsible for enforcing federal laws and administering justice in the United States. It oversees federal law enforcement agencies, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The department also handles legal matters, represents the U.S. government in court, and provides legal advice to the President and other federal agencies.
U.S. Department of the Interior: The Department of the Interior manages and conserves the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage. It oversees federal lands, national parks, wildlife refuges, and tribal affairs. The department also administers energy development, water resources, and land conservation programs. Additionally, it manages the relationship between the federal government and Native American tribes.
U.S. Department of Agriculture: The Department of Agriculture is responsible for developing and executing farming, forestry, and food policies. It promotes agricultural trade, ensures food safety, and provides assistance to farmers, ranchers, and rural communities. The department also researches agriculture and manages conservation programs to protect natural resources.
U.S. Department of Commerce: The Department of Commerce promotes economic growth and international trade. It oversees various agencies and bureaus focusing on business development, patent and trademark protection, data collection and analysis, and technology advancement. The department plays a crucial role in shaping trade policies, enforcing trade laws, and supporting industries to compete globally.
U.S. Department of Labor: The Department of Labor is responsible for promoting the welfare of U.S. workers and ensuring fair and safe working conditions. It administers labor laws, enforces workplace standards, and assists workers affected by unemployment or workplace injuries. The department also collects and analyzes data on employment, wages, and economic trends.
U.S. Department of Transportation: The Department of Transportation is responsible for ensuring a safe, efficient, and reliable transportation system in the United States. It oversees various modes of transportation, including highways, railways, air travel, and maritime operations. The department develops transportation policies, regulates the transportation industry, and invests in infrastructure projects to improve mobility and connectivity.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is responsible for developing and implementing housing and urban development policies. It works to ensure fair and affordable housing opportunities for all Americans, particularly those with low income. HUD provides rental assistance, supports community development initiatives, enforces fair housing laws, and addresses homelessness and housing discrimination.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is responsible for protecting and promoting the health and well-being of Americans. It oversees a wide range of programs and agencies, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). HHS is crucial in healthcare policy, public health, medical research, and essential health services.
U.S. Department of Energy: The Department of Energy (DOE) is responsible for formulating and implementing energy production, conservation, and research policies. It promotes the development of clean and sustainable energy sources, manages the nation’s nuclear weapons program, and conducts research on energy technologies. The DOE also oversees the country’s energy infrastructure and addresses energy security concerns.
U.S. Department of Education: The Department of Education is responsible for formulating and implementing education-related policies in the United States. It oversees federal financial aid programs for students, promotes educational excellence, enforces civil rights laws in education, and provides assistance to states and schools. The department is critical in shaping education policies, supporting teachers and schools, and ensuring equal access to quality education.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides healthcare, benefits, and support services to U.S. veterans and their families. It operates a nationwide network of hospitals, clinics, and facilities to deliver comprehensive healthcare to veterans. The VA also administers various benefits programs, including disability compensation, education assistance, and home loan guarantees, to support veterans’ well-being and transition to civilian life.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security: The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) protects the United States from various threats, including terrorism, natural disasters, and cybersecurity risks. It oversees multiple agencies, such as the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The DHS works to safeguard the nation’s borders, enhance cybersecurity, ensure disaster preparedness, and enforce immigration laws.
Each of these executive departments plays a critical role in the functioning of the U.S. government and serves specific purposes related to national security, foreign relations, domestic policy, and economic well-being. Their activities and responsibilities are vast and diverse, and they work together to address the needs and interests of the American people.
These executive departments play vital roles in addressing critical issues related to housing, healthcare, energy, education, veterans’ affairs, and national security. They carry out important functions that impact the lives of Americans and contribute to the overall well-being and security of the country.
Part II:
Complete the following question and summaries.
Summarize the 5 departments you selected in a minimum of 90 words.
How do the 5 departments and their polices affect you personally, professionally, or both?
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Neutrality in the Korean Peninsula (Theoretical Framework)
Neutrality is flexible occurrence and idea, which have a wide range of functions regarding legal, military, culture and economic. Neutrality in the international relationship theory is abstinence of the state of to involve in a war. Hague Convention is one of the ancient legal body to exercise neutrality as a form of international relations. Neutrality frequently practiced by multilateral or bilateral arrangements among independent states. Neutrality is one of the positivity theory in an international relationship. Neutral rights and duties incarnate the states involved in neutrality. In many subjects, neutrality was anonymously subjected to subjugation and negligence. In all the international relation theories, neutrality is not well reflected as other theories of international relationships. In the inter-war ideas in First World War, neutrality conflict with the unity of interest to all state that needed collective security. United Nation started after the Second World War as the body of practicing neutrality among different states in the World (Black & Falk 2015). Neutrality usually come in to end war and battle that exist for a long time. Neutral states are immune to the consequences that come as a result of war and conflicts.
Neutrality in the Korean Peninsula (Theoretical Framework)
War and conflicts are the challenges of international relationship in the 20th and 21st centuries. Many states have involved in policy-making and setting up treaties that enhance the constant international relationship. International relationship theories are concepts framework that explains the relationship between different states in the world. International relationship theories can explain the relationship between the North Korea and South Korea as influenced by the China and America which are the dual superpower nations. Realism theory can explain the situation of political instability in the Korean peninsula. The realism as international relationship theory functions by the national interest of the specific states. The states are interested in things like preserving themselves, economic prosperity, outstanding military, defense, and power over the other nation. The international relationship theories exist in circumstances where the two or more states they have the same interest. These can lead to negotiation or even war among different states so as not to be the loser of their political and economic interest (Galston, 2010). Neutrality is a preference of a state not to side with any conflicting side. Neutrality is a crucial step in solving the issues affecting the different state in an international relationship. Neutrality comes when a nation decides not to side with any of the two nationalist states. As a result, nationalist states do away with their difference since they have no ground of their war. A good example of where neutrality solved the conflict in Austria. Neutrality of Austria solved the conflict between Soviets Union and NATO on their interest of their political ideologies. NATO was formed to stop Soviets Union from spreading its communist idea in Europe and encourages capitalism political idea. Austria decided not to side with communism or capitalism, so the war ended.
Realism theory can explain the conflict between North and South Korea. In realism theory, the nation works hard to strengthen power so that it can be able to override the other states. The theory stress that the world is a dangerous place for living and the only those the states with excessive power can thrive. The power can enable certain states to outdo all the other nations and able to flourish over their weaker competitors. Realism recognizes military as the most essential and consistent form of power. According to the theory, the states need power for self-preservation. Realism enables the state to enforce its global interest and involves in any global matter. They can attack states they feel the behaviors are unresponsive. The international system they have no power to govern the state with realism unless they accept to follow them. The realistic state has the power to use forces and invade any war that is continuing in countries of interest (Galston, 2010). The cold war between USSR and United States was a result of realism. All of them strengthen their military power in their related nation because of mistrust that existed between them. After the collapse of Soviet Union in the 1990s, China raised to powers, which made the United States remain realism in some extent. In the Leadership of George W Bush, realism was well evidenced due to his military concern to various Asian continents, among them Korean Peninsula.
According to Snyder, (2009) the western community did not easily accept the entry of China in the global communities. The United States and NATO allies faced threats from the upcoming China economies that have massive growth since the late 20th century. United States was able to defeat USSR in the cold war that existed for a very long time. China bilateral and multi-lateral growth in the economy made China face a considerable big challenge in involving in politics of the countries it has established its economic ties. It made China and United States take different stands on the war existing in the Asian continents. China is the major player of the massive oil produced in the Asian continent. Although the United States does not exclusively depend on oil from the Asian continent, its currency (US dollar) is used in all transactions of the oil Worldwide. Since China is the major player, in the oil United States is suspicious that China can overturn the use of US currency and start using its currency in oil exchanges. As a result United States involves much on the war that is continuing in many states in the Asian continent and most cases, it takes different stands to China’s to heighten instability as a way of hindering China from controlling the economy. China, on the other hand, it supports the war of Korean peninsula in the Asian continent to continue flourishing in the economy and do business in peaceful grounds. China, which had not highly invested in the military, had no other option except to invest heavily in the military so as handle the security threats in North Korea as a point of expanding its economy (Bluth, 2011). China is doing to counteract realism of the United States and NATO of deploying military personnel in South Korea so that they defeat North Korea.
Consequence Cold War between the US and China is clearly evidenced in the war between North Korea and Southern Korea. The two superpower nations have taken two different positions where each of them is supporting one of the two rivals with the aim of winning on their side. China and Soviets Union they have taken a strong stand and supported the dictatorial leadership in North Korea (Garver, 2015). North Korea is threatening southern Korea to launch a missile attack that would lead to massive destruction of lives. The main of aim of China becoming realism and support the North Korea; it is because the United States is aggressively extending its imperialism even in States that China is controlling the economy. The United States and NATO subsequently support the southern Korean government with military and intelligence so as to contain the North Korea from launching the missile or nuclear bomb attack that would cause massive destruction of lives in South Korea (Lee, 2006). South and North Korea has become the battlefield for the super power nation showing their realism with the aim of expanding their political and economic segments. The difference between the two Korean states continues to increase because of the pressure that comes from their supporters that are fighting indirectly. If the two state wound not decide to do away their differences in a mutual way, the problem would continue worsening due realism that subsists between the US and China. Neutrality as international relation theory will be very fundamental in resolving the conflict between the South and North Korea existing for a long time. Neutrality is the only way to end realism of the United States and China on Korean lands
According to Black & Falk (2015), the post second world war realism assimilated two approaches to neutrality. The first way is that neutrality confused the idea of the power politics. Secondly, neutrality is state-centered; the state protects itself and not involving conflict or waging war. By so doing, neutrality undermines the international concepts where other states can use force to get their needs. Although the neutral state has the security, they never participate in war and conflict as the sign of their self-protection. Realism cannot work together with neutrality; this is because neutrality is more powerful than realism. Neutrality increases national identity where a given state rules by her principle and not the waves of super power nations. Neutral states are likely to be subjected to superpower to choose their sides either economically, political and militarily during the Cold War as seen during the cold war between the USSR and USA. As a result neutral states, they are supposed to strengthen their security, economic and political ties so that the super power nations do not harass them. According to Bedeski (2000), North and South Korea should have an agreement and establish over lasting peace treaty without China and United States involvement. After establishing the peace treaty, the two nation should come up with a memorandum of understanding and avoid manipulation of two super power nations.
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References
Bedeski, R. (2000). Peace and neutrality on the Korean Peninsula: a role for Canada? Pacific Affairs, 555-570.
Black, C. E., & Falk, R. A. (2015). Neutralization and world politics. Princeton University Press.
Bluth, C. (2011). Crisis on the Korean peninsula. Potomac Books, Inc.
Galston, W. A. (2010). Realism in political theory. European journal of political theory, 9(4), 385-411.
Garver, J. W. (2015). The Sino-American Alliance: Nationalist China and American Cold War Strategy in Asia. Routledge.
Lee, C. J. (2006). A troubled peace: US policy and the two Koreas. JHU Press.
Snyder, S. (2009). China’s rise and the two Koreas: Politics, economics, security. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
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The Russian scandal involves a potential link between Trump’s campaign aides and the Russian government with interference in the 206 elections. The scandal has been given a new lifeline after Trump meddled into the controversy surrounding the sacking of the national security advisor Michael Flynn. Flynn has promised to testify in the case if granted immunity, but Trump has taken a swipe on that claiming it is a witch-hunt an excuse for big election loss (Collinson 2017).
Trump Administration and the Russian Scandal
In a new development, it is reported that on 1st February Alexander Porfirievich Torshin, a close ally of Vladimir Putin, had in his diary a planned appointment with Mr. Trump in Washington (Tuttle 2017). Although the meeting did not happen, Torshin was described by the Spanish anti-corruption prosecutor and the Civil Guard as the godfather of the notorious Russia mafia organization and is suspected by the Spanish government of being part of a money laundering operation.
More links between Trump and the Russian authority have emerged. The Washington Post reported that the United Emirates arranged a secret meeting to facilitate a linkage amongst Erik Prince and a Businessperson close to Vladimir Putin to create a line of communiqué between Moscow and Trump (Rubin, 2017). It is alleged that the meeting took place on 11th some days before the inauguration of Donald Trump as the American president. The United Emirates facilitated the meeting with a view appeal Russia to change connection with Iran and Syria.
Moreover, in a different report by the BuzzFeed, it is alleged that Carter Page, A former campaign for Donald Trump meet with and passed documents to a Russian, Victor Podobnyy intelligence operative in 2013 (Rubin 2017). The US government had charged Victor for acting as an unregistered agent of a foreign government to seek information on US sanctions. It is also reported that Page had a close relationship with Kremlin and its state-owned oil companies (Rubin 2017). Moreover, Roger Stone a long time Trump’s advisor admitted of having communicated with “Guccifer 2.0” the nickname used to leak negative evidence about Hillary Clinton campaign strategies by the Russian intelligence (Boot 2017). Roger also confessed about communication with Julian Assange, the head of Wikileaks. He aimed to inform him of emails hacked from Clinton camping manager John Podesta (Boot 2017). In another turn of events, it is alleged that Jared Kushner who is Trump’s son-in-law made meetings with Russia’s envy to US Sergey Gorkov who is a close Putin’s associate during the inauguration period (Boot 2017). Gorkov is a Russian trained intelligence agent with a nationalized bank that has been placed on the US sanction list. Paul Manafort who was Trump’s former campaign manager had dealings with Russians such as Oleg Deripaska who has close links with Vladimir Putin (Before Trump job 2017). The Manafort relationship with the Russians increases the connection and the link between Trump and the Russian.
It is alleged that Flynn had deliberated the possibility of enlivening Obama’s Russia prohibitions with Sergei Kislyak, the Russian envoy (Russia: The scandal Trump cannot shake 2017). Flynn also allegedly had dinner with Putin and attended interviews with channel RT. That confounds the connection between Trump and Russian authority and the Kremlin.
References
Before Trump job, Manafort worked to aid Putin, 2007. Available at: https://apnews.com/122ae0b5848345faa88108a03de40c5a/Manafort%27s-plan-to-%27greatly-benefit-the-Putin-Government. [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
Boot, M 2017, The Russia scandal has reached the Trump family. Available at: http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/03/27/the-russia-scandal-has-reached-the-trump-family/. [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
Collinson, S 2017, Vortex of questions, tension at the White House, CNN. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/31/politics/donald-trump-white-house-presidency/. [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
Rubin, J 2017, The Trump-Russia scandal gets weirder and weirder, Chicago Tribune. Available at: http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/commentary/ct-the-russia-scandal-gets-weirder-and-weirder-20170404-story.html. [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
Russia: The scandal Trump can’t shake, 2017. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38966846 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017].
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Comparison between Star Wars movie and the American Government
The Star Wars is Episode IV of the Star Wars series produced by George Lucas and released in 1977. The plot of the movie emphasizes on rebellious alliance governed by Princess Leia and its endeavor to invade and destroy Galactic Empire. The empire in return begins destruction under Jedi Master in the plan of seizing rebel alliance. The star war saga came at the time the American government concentrated on the cold war between the U.S and the Soviet Union. The American government tried all means to mask the rebellion of Soviet Union from spreading its Communism ideology to many countries. At the time of the movie was released, the American government concentrated much on the Vietnam and Korean War.
Star Wars reflects the cycle of a republic, which differs and agrees with the United States government in many aspects. The Jedi master in the movie is a dictator, and his empire is corrupt and used autocratic power to mask rebellious alliance. This contrast with U.S government since the American government is democratic gives its citizen freedom of expression. The planet representative in galaxy star wars they meet on the galactic senate to discuss various issues concerning the planets and universe. The meetings of the galactic senate compare to the federal government senate where senators from the fifty states of United States meets to discuss various issues concerning the federal government. Jedi Knights who are the peacemaker of Galactic Empire in the film they compare to the United States military and police who are the peacemaker in United States government. The empire has galaxy city where all executive issues of the empire and universe were practiced this compares to Washington D.C where U.S government businesses take place.
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The Constitution sets the foundation for the United States Government. The Preamble gives the reasons why the writers wanted to form such a government. However, Ben tripped and dropped the Preamble before he could set it in the printing press. Help him reassemble the Preamble in the correct order. Remember it is one full sentence!
· this Constitution for the United States of America.
The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction
Slavery in America started around the 17th century. The first slaves entered in America in 1619 where their main task was to help in the cultivation of the lucrative tobacco plant. Slavery became rampant throughout the American colonization in the 17th and the 18th century. The European settlers were in front line-favoring slavery since they needed workers to work on their plantations. The slaves were supposed to work day and night without rest. Most of the slavery came from Africa through the most famous slave trade known as the transatlantic slave trade. The slave stayed in America for many years and eventually became African American after the civil war. After the American independence, the slavery continued since the American presidents like Abraham Lincoln feared on losing the potential workers who were driving force of economy in the United States. In the mid-19th century, the westward expansion of America and evolution of slave abolishing movement provokes hot debates on the slavery. Because of these debates, the bloody war arose that tear the nation apart. The America Civil War started in 1861 and ended in 1865. More than 180000 ex-army African men involved directly in the war where they served more than 154 chariots. The victory of the African Union led to the freedom of four million slaves (Fahs 184). After the abolishment of slavery in America in 1865, African American faced the challenge of transition to life from slavery to ex- slave. The majority of them they had no basic need to support their life after the end of slavery. Government and civil right movement during the Reconstruction period supported the ex-slaves. Reconstruction was important in establishing better life to slaves after a long time of slavery.
During reconstruction period from 1865 to 1877, the Congress enacted and enforced major bills, which aim in enhancing civil and political privileges of the former ex-slaves in the South. The major changes in the law were in the amendment of the American constitution. There were several constitution amendments passed by the Congress among them were; 13th amendment of 1865 that terminated slavery, 14th amendment of 1868 that permitted African American right for nationality and 15th amendment of 1870 that give African American right to vote (Stampp 491). The African American embraced the constitution right of citizenship and able to integrate freely with the Native American without fear of being prejudiced. More than seven hundred African American worked in elected public office during the reconstruction period. During this time, there were two African American senators and 14 African American members in US House of Representatives. More than 1300 African American worked in various government jobs in U.S (Stampp 492). The majority of the whites in the south they resisted the political and civil rights of the African-American as passed by the Congress. The federal government and the republicans in congress insisted that civil and political right for African American is mandatory to every individual in the America. It deployed the military in 1867 to protect the African American in South.
The freedom African American slaves were very important not just to the history of American but also to the life of the African American people. Freedom was like the rebirth of their new life that marks the end of the agony during the time of slavery. For many years the African American were mistreated and overworked by their masters without any pay. The slavery life did not give any African American any right or freedom over their life. Emancipation of the slave was like a promise of the end of poverty and undignified life to them. Emancipation marks the end of undignified life, brutalities, and sexual assaults, denial of the basic rights like wages, salaries, education, property ownership, and legal marriage (Hine 102). The freedom allowed the African American to exercise their private and public freedom. The Human right Movements across the states in the south they established a law known as black code. Black codes give the African American ex-slave some fundamental basic rights such as the right to marry, right to own properties and right to sue in court. The majority of the ex-slave were living poor and miserable life; black code allowed them to rent land from their former owner to practice farming. The freedom of African American slave was very meaningful since it gave them freedom to have families, freedom of worship, and freedom to seek education. African American was able to practice their communal worship and embrace their rich cultural heritage. There was the establishment of black schools and black churches that promoted privilege of African American.
Reconstruction faced very many challenges since the majority of the white American was against African American civilization. In 1867, the white formed a resistance group to the reconstruction efforts of the African Americans. The terrorist movement was known as Ku Klux Klan, which terrorized African American leaders and African Americans in the South. The federal government banned the group in 1871 (Chalmers 53). After that, reconstruction continued facing a myriad of challenges due to discrimination of white from South and North. The Whites viewed Blacks as unworthy, heightening racial discrimination in America. The white sabotaged the changes of reconstruction; hence reconstruction failed to benefit many African American citizens as planned. Racial discrimination led to the separation of social amenities where the blacks had their social amenities and were were not supposed to use whites’. There were separate schools for whites and African American. The majority of the schools of African American were not well organized and had insufficient facilities. The majority of the black never enjoyed white privilege since white-dominated most life circumstances and significant offices. Civil rights movements were formed to struggle for equality between African and American. In 1964 the Civil right Act was passed, and equality among African Americans was realized in the 1980s (Chalmers 59). At this time, racism ended in the United States and African American enjoyed the right of being American as their fellow whites. Initial laws like African American not to hold a position such as juries or testify against the whites were outlawed.
Slavery is the major contribution factor that leads to the emergence of African American race in America. The majority of the African American ended up in America due to transatlantic trade where the majority of the African were sold as slaves in America to work in estates of the white settlers. In the 1860s’ the American civil war arose and majority of ex- military African American they were in front line in that bloody War. In 1865 the black were granted freedom, which marked the end of slavery. The freedom had great meaning to the life of African American because it gave them an opportunity to live a dignified life. Reconstruction, which started in 1865-1867 it, had various constitution amendment, which gave the African American right to vote and to seek American citizenship. Reconstruction led to an influx of African American in public offices and elective position. The southerners white sabotaged the reconstruction leading to racial discrimination, which ended in the 1960s, and 70’s.
Works Cited
Chalmers, David Mark. Backfire: How the Ku Klux Klan helped the Civil Rights Movement. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.
Fahs, Alice. The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861-1865. Univ of North Carolina Press, 2010.
Hine, Darlene Clark. African American Odyssey. Prentice Hall College Div, 2005.
Stampp, Kenneth M. “The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877.” 1967, 491-492.
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Mexico is a country that has been at loggerheads with its neighbor, the United States of America. Therefore, the focus on its culture is intriguing considering its rich history and interesting culture. These fascinating cultures range from bullfighting to chocolate and rabbits. The country has both interesting and confusing customs and traditions, like the fact that Mexican children do not receive presents during Christmas day and only receive them on 6th January when they are celebrating the arrival of the three wise men (Brink, Challinor and Rosenblum). The Hispanic name is imprinted in the country’s culture, especially because the Spanish conquerors were the ones who introduced bullfighting to Mexico and this custom takes place every year from November through April.
Hispanic people strongly influence the culture of Mexico. The majority of the Mexicans speak Spanish, which consists approximately 93%. The reason for choosing this topic is that it gives a clear insight into the lives of Mexicans, and show how they behave, and why they behave in such a way. Their culture defines many nations; it is a part of their identity. Therefore, the research on culture offers a platform to review how the Mexicans use culture to shape their lives. In the United States, there are many cultures, and thus they cannot determine the fate of the people. The United States of America is made up of many diverse cultures especially due to the immigrants who have settled in the country. Therefore, the culture of the Mexicans and that of the US relates where the Hispanic community is mentioned and some other small parts.
The Mexican culture mostly revolves around the church and religious values (Abor). Most of the people identify themselves as Catholics although a great number of their population embraced the pre-Hispanic Mayan elements as an important part of their faith. Culture determines how most things are run and operated and thus, the Mexicans put in high values on the aspect of structure and hierarchy in family and business matters (Abor). The Mexicans understand their roles in the family; they understand that there is a hierarchical structure to follow in any leadership.
The Mexican customs and traditions offer insights on how to celebrate New Year. The people spread lentils around the door to show abundance, while in some places; some eat a handful of lentils. The people engage in more rituals to mark this event, some place a coin in their pocket or shoe to attract economic prosperity. Moreover, they sweep outwards away from their homes in a bid to lead away all that was bad. And it is also customary to turn on the lights in each house on the evening to lighten up prosperity and success throughout the year they are celebrating, the New Year (Santana and Santana). This topic about the Mexican culture focuses on their customs and cultures, and it is essential in the Spanish class because it gives a clearer insight into the Spanish kind of living. It expounds on the issue of culture and looks at the most important aspects, which are essential in understanding the language and the people behind it. The Mexican culture is comprised of Spanish speakers, and thus learning about their culture and language is helpful in developing on what was taught in class and keeping of course with the main aim of the class.
Works Cited
Abor, Ann. “Mexican (United Mexican States).” Culture Gram, 2013. <http://www.cat.mx/mexico.pdf>. Accessed 18 April 2017.
Brink, Kate, AE Challinor and Marc Rosenblum. “Mexican and Central American Immigrants in the United States.” 2009. <www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/MexCentAmimmigrants.pdf>. Accessed 18 April 2017.
Santana, Sandra and Felipe Santana. “An Introduction to Mexican Culture: For Rehabilitation Service Providers.” 8 October 2014. <http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/culture/monographs/mexico.pdf>. Accessed 18 April 2017.
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