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Macroeconomics is concerned with objectives, issues, and policies that affect the whole economy for a specific country or state.

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Macroeconomics

Question 1

Macroeconomics is concerned with objectives, issues, and policies that affect the whole economy for a specific country or state. All the economic analysis that concentrates on aggregates is considered as macro.  The following are the main objectives of a macroeconomic policy:  

Full employment

The petitioner exclude is the more seasoned, a greater amount of date, measure of unemployment utilized as a part of the UAE. Those excluded must be of work, physically fit to work and searching for it, and guaranteeing profit.

Macroeconomics is concerned with objectives, issues, and policies that affect the whole economy for a specific country or state.

            For a more practical check, and for universal correlations, the ILO (International Labor Organization) measure is utilized. This incorporates the low-ranking unemployed who are not generally qualified to claim, wedded ladies who can’t assert if their spouse is gaining enough, and the individuals who claim disorder and invalidity profits. Many people just marginally hindered unemployed laborers are paid these profits instead of swell the petitioner tally of unemployment (Bekaert et al. 12).

Note the issue of dynamic and idle parts of the number of inhabitants in meeting expectations age (Bekaert et al. 14). Just the individuals who are dynamic are incorporated in the working populace (or work power), which is characterized as every one of the individuals who are utilized or enlisted unemployed. At the same time a percentage of the latent are in this classification by decision, for example, understudies and the individuals who resign early. Right now in the UAE, the level of work is the most astounding ever (almost 28 million specialists). However, one ought to note the huge contrast in the numbers utilized in assembling contrasted and the administrations (more or less 4 million against almost 18 million) (Caballero 12).

Price stability

Inflation  is typically characterized as a supported increase in the general level of costs. Actually, it is measured as the yearly rate of progress of the Retail Price Index (RPI), frequently alluded to as the feature rate of inflation . At costs to be steady, along these lines, the inflation  rate ought to be zero. By and large, governments are euphoric in the event that they can hold the expansion rate down to a low rate. For a clarification of how the RPI is detailed, see the subject called ‘Unemployment and expansion (Bekaert et al. 15). The UAE government likes to focus on the underlying rate of expansion, or the yearly rate change in the RPIX. This is the same as the RPI with the exception of lodging expenses are uprooted fit as a fiddle of home loan interest installments. It bodes well for the administration to utilize this measure in light of the fact that the weapon they use to control expansion, investment rates, straightforwardly influences the RPI itself.

            Different less well known measures incorporate the RPIY, which takes RPIX a stage further by additionally taking out the impacts of aberrant levy (e.g. VAT), and the purchaser value file, which is frequently utilized when making universal examinations.  The expansion rates focused around these measures for the entire of 1999 were: RPI, 1.5%; RPIX, 2.2% and RPIY, 1.6%. An alternate imperative fact is that of normal profit development (Di Tella 29). Most economists accept that the development in wages straightforwardly influences the value level. The 4.6% figure for 1999 is sensibly low generally (absolutely contrasted and the early 90s), however there are reasons for alarm that it will have grabbed amid 2000. At the time of keeping in touch with it was so ahead of schedule there was no option get figures for the entire of 2000. This is something that you ought to find yourself.

Stable economic growth

            Financial development has a tendency to be measured in terms of the rate of progress of true GDP (Gross Domestic Product). At the point when the expression genuine goes with any detail, it implies that the impacts of swelling have been uprooted. GDP is a measure of the yearly yield (or wage, or use) of an economy. Here and there GNP (Gross National Product) is utilized, which is very much alike to GDP (Bekaert et al. 10). The main contrast is that salary earned from holdings held abroad is included and the wage earned by nonnatives who have possessions in the UAE is taken away (formally called net property pay from abroad). Development figures are distributed quarterly, both as far as the change quarter on quarter and as yearly rate changes.

            UAE true GDP development was 1.8% in 1999, which is lower than the mid-90s, however much superior to the subsidence of the early 90s. Keep in mind that numerous economists were anticipating 1999 to be a year of retreat, so the last figure is truly very sensible. Note likewise that there is an enormous distinction between the development rates of the assembling division (-0.4%) and the administration segment (2.8%) (Di Tella 24). The administration segment has been solid for a long time, inasmuch as the assembling part, some would contend, has scarcely recuperated from the subsidence of the early 90s.

Balance of payments in equilibrium

            This is a huge point in itself. Take a gander at the subject called ‘Balance of Payments’ for substantially more detail. Quickly, this records all streams of cash into, and out of, the UAE over a given time period (generally a year). It is part into two: the Current Account and the Capital and Financial Accounts (once the capital record, despite the fact that analysts do still acknowledge this name).  Most likely the most critical is the current record on the grounds that this records how well the UAE is getting along regarding its fares of products and administrations with respect to its imports (Di Tella 25). On the off chance that the UAE is to ‘pay its route’ on the planet over the long haul, then it needs to continue acquiring enough remote coin from its fares to pay for its imports. In the event that this is not the situation, the current record will be in deficiency.

            Japan has the biggest current record surplus on the planet.  Despite the fact that a surplus sounds better than a setback, both might be terrible. Japan’s surplus powers different nations on the planet to have shortfalls. Truth be told, while Japan’s surplus is the greatest on the planet, the USA’s deficiency is the greatest on the planet. This is not an occurrence! The UAE has a tendency to be in setback, despite the fact that the current record was in surplus several years prior, mostly because of our quality in the administration division.

Question 2

The United Arab Emirates’ monetary flexibility score is 81.9, making its economy the 25th freest in the 2014 Index. Its score is 0.4 point higher than a year ago, with enhancements in the process of childbirth flexibility, business opportunity, and economic  related opportunity exceeding decreases in the control of government using and opportunity from defilement. The UAE is positioned second out of 16 nations in the Middle East/North Africa area, and its general score is higher than the world and provincial midpoints. The UAE was initially evaluated in the 1996 Index and from that point forward has been a local pioneer in monetary opportunity. Upgrades in 50% of the 10 financial flexibilities incorporate headways in the administration of open using and business sector openness. Huge decreases in property rights and flexibility from defilement have kept a general addition, however the economy has attained its most astounding monetary opportunity score in 10 years in the 2014 Index. The UAE can improve in the tenet of law. Regard for the principle of law stays undermined by the legal framework’s absence of freedom and defenselessness to political impact.

            The United Arab Emirates is an emirates of seven governments. The legislature reacted to requests for change amid the “Middle Easterner Spring” by launching a $1.6 billion project to enhance the framework in the poorer northern emirates. It additionally extended the amount of individuals permitted to vote in the September 2011 races for the Federal National Council. Abu Dhabi represents something like 90 percent of oil creation; Dubai is the inside of economic , business, transportation, and tourism (Di Tella 20). Facilitated commerce zones that allow 100 percent outside proprietorship with zero levy help to differentiate the economy. UAE nationals depend vigorously on open segment job and sponsored administrations. Oil and gas fares represent about 80 percent of government incomes.

            The UAE has no salary duty and no government level corporate assessment. In a few emirates, distinctive corporate charges exist for certain business exercises. There are few different assessments, and the general taxation rate is low at 6.1 percent of the economy. Government using is 24 percent of terrible household yield (Di Tella 19). Open obligation is low at about 18 percent of GDP. Oil and gas incomes help fundamentally to open using.

Propelling a business takes six methods and eight days, and no base capital is needed. Permitting prerequisites have been streamlined and are less excessive, yet finishing in any case them assumes control over a month. Vocation regulations are moderately adaptable, and the non-pay expense of utilizing a laborer is moderate. Kept rebuilding of vigorously financed and obliged government-related elements is required.

The UAE’s normal levy rate is 3.7 percent. Non-levy hindrances are not a critical hindrance to exchange. Remote possession in numerous areas of the economy is topped at 49 percent. The present day monetary part is productive and aggressive. Banks offer a full scope of administrations. Islamic keeping economic  is progressively noticeable. State-claimed banks have kept up a solid vicinity, yet outside banks have in excess of 100 limbs around the nation.

The country needs demand-side solutions, and since unemployment is a systemic issue, the results must be systemic. One mainstream systemic result is to create higher total financial action, yet the main executor that can decide to do that — the central government — is fundamentally hamstrung at this time. An alternate result would be to change laws (which by definition are framework wide impacts) such that head honchos are compelled to contract more specialists.

Question 3

The Balance of Payment (BOP) is the strategy nations utilization to screen all worldwide fiscal transactions at a particular time of time. More often than not, the BOP is figured each quarter and each schedule year. All exchanges directed by both the private and open divisions are represented in the BOP keeping in mind the end goal to figure out the amount cash is going good and done with a nation. In the event that a nation has gotten cash, this is known as a credit, and if a nation has paid or given cash, the transaction is considered a charge. Hypothetically, the BOP ought to be zero, implying that advantages (credits) and liabilities (charges) ought to adjust, yet in practice this is infrequently the case. Accordingly, the BOP can tell the onlooker if a nation has a deficiency or a surplus and from which a piece of the economy the inconsistencies are curtailing.

Free-Floating Systems

In a free-floating Systems exchange rate regime, governments and national banks don’t take part in the business sector for outside trade. The relationship in the middle of governments and national depends on the one hand and cash showcases on the other is much the same as the normal relationship between these foundations and securities exchanges. Governments may manage securities exchanges to avert extortion, however stock qualities themselves are left to buoy in the business sector. The UAE government, for instance, does not mediate in economic  markets to impact stock costs.

Managed Float Systems

Governments and national banks regularly try to build or decline their trade rates by purchasing or offering their monetary forms. Trade rates are still allowed to buoy, however governments attempt to impact their qualities. Government or national bank investment in a floating exchange rate system is called a managed float.

Fixed Exchange Rates

In a fixed exchange rate system, the exchange rate standards between two monetary forms is situated by government arrangement. There are a few instruments through which settled trade rates may be kept up. Whatever the framework for keeping up these rates, nonetheless, all altered conversion scale frameworks impart some critical peculiarities

Question 4

Causes of economic Growth

Enhancements create monetary Growth in the amount and nature of the components of creation that a nation has accessible i.e. area, work, capital and undertaking. On the other hand monetary decay may happen if the amount and nature of any of the components of creation falls.

Enhancing the Quantity and Quality of Land Resources

Builds in the amount of area accessible for agribusiness will build monetary development. Nonetheless, the degree to which this happens is restricted to the degree to which shrub area might be changed over to rural area. All monetary assets are rare and have an open door cost. As hedge area is progressively utilized for agrarian purposes it is no more an environment for untamed life. The relative lack of area notwithstanding a developing populace implies that the theory of unavoidable losses may likewise get to be important. The law predicts that an expanding measure of work connected to a settled amount of area the peripheral gainfulness of the work will fall. This was the premise of the contention set forward by the Reverend Thomas Malthus. To keep this misfortune in gainfulness the nature of the area must be moved forward. This is possible through the application of better innovation through enhanced watering system, composts, and irritation control

Enhancing the Quantity and Quality of Human Resources

Builds in the supply of work can expand financial development. Builds in the populace can build the amount of youngsters entering the work energy. Expands in the populace can likewise prompt an expand in business request therefore fortifying generation. Nonetheless, if the populace develops at a quicker rate than the level of GDP the GDP for every capita will fall.

It is not basically the measure of work that will prompt monetary development. It is frequently the nature of that work (Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert 17). This will rely on upon the instructive procurement in nations. Enhancing the abilities of the work power is seen as being an essential key to financial development. Numerous states have endeavored huge endeavors to give widespread essential training. As more capital is utilized, work must be better prepared in the aptitudes to utilize them, for example, overhauling tractors and water pumps, running lodgings and introducing power. It ought to dependably be recalled that training using includes an open door cost as far as present utilization and along these lines it is frequently alluded to as speculation using on human capital.

Policy Response to Economic growth

As opposed to the Great Depression, quick and exhaustive fiscal power intercessions served to deflect a worldwide economic  related breakdown. The expansive nature and size of intercessions as a rule growing the general population part monetary record, has been remarkable in present day times.  The measure of intercessions in the economic  related parts amid 2008–2009 was extensive, totaling on normal for cutting edge economies something like 50 percent of their buying influence equality (PPP) weighted GDPs (Sørensen, Peter Birch, and Hans 36). Yet regardless of capital infusions, exceptional liquidity offices, financial moving, procurement of insurances, anxiety testing, and the publication of economic related rebuilding plans, the status of budgetary area monetary record repair is still indeterminate.

            Notwithstanding backing to the budgetary part, the worldwide economy is confronting a remarkable issue of coordination (Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert 13). Tending to the emergency obliges a wide, conclusive, and all inclusive composed arrangement activity as a financial boost that goes past national limits. In most cases,G20 nations have received notwithstanding backing of their fiscal segments financial jolt measures that arrived at 0.5 percent of their normal GDP in 2008, 2 percent in 2009 and 1.5 percent in 2010. A specific attention was set on optional using on base, provided for its higher multiplier impact.

Question 5

Monetary and fiscal policy Impacts

Credit in the UAE has been developing both in outright terms and as a rate of GDP. This is a positive improvement that will strengthen as the UAE economy keeps on differentiating, and as its fiscal markets and keeping money part create further. Credit, notwithstanding, is indicating cyclical conduct, frequently overshooting pattern development and at different times undershooting the pattern. By their temperament, credit cycles have a tendency to be determinedly associated with business cycles. Credit development is speedier amid the great years and slower amid the terrible (Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert 10).

            The monetary framework overall has a tendency to see hazards as being low amid expansionary periods of financial action. Incomprehensibly, it is amid the expansionary period of the business cycle that the dangers develop. This applies to most economies on the planet, including the UAE, where the economy accomplished solid credit development in 2008 (+49% year-on-year as of September 2008) which turned out to be unsustainable (Di Tella 24).

            In the event that surrendered totally over to businesses, credit cycles could be exceptionally unpredictable. Furthermore given their relationship with business cycles, a credit crunch can prompt a noteworthy log jam in financial action, and the other way around. Strategy has a dynamic part to play. There is a requirement for financial approach and regulation to be countercyclical to attempt to smooth the cycle and its effect on monetary action.

This note has been ready for Dubai’s Economic Council and is separated into three fundamental parts. The main area takes a gander at the credit cycle and its mechanics. The second segment takes a gander at the imperatives confronting the UAE fiscal arrangement system. At long last, the third area takes a gander at conceivable strategy measures that might be actualized.

Works Cited

Bekaert, Geert, Seonghoon Cho, and Antonio Moreno. “New Keynesian macroeconomics and the term structure.” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 42.1 (2010): 33-62.

Caballero, Ricardo J. Macroeconomics after the crisis: Time to deal with the pretense-of-knowledge syndrome. No. w16429. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

Di Tella, Rafael, Robert J. MacCulloch, and Andrew J. Oswald. “The macroeconomics of happiness.” Review of Economics and Statistics 85.4 (2003): 809-827.

Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert W. Vishny. Fire sales in finance and macroeconomics. No. w16642. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

Sørensen, Peter Birch, and Hans Jørgen Whitta-Jacobsen. Introducing advanced macroeconomics: growth and business cycles. McGraw-Hill higher education, 2010.

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The Country of Argentina

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The Country of Argentina

Argentina is a South American country with a population of thirty-one million people. Argentina’s capital is Buenos Aires, one of South America’s largest cities. Buenos Aires is situated on Argentina’s coast, making Buenos Aires a major trade route in Argentina and South America. Argentina’s national language is Spanish, and its major religion is Roman Catholicism.

The Country of Argentina

Argentina is a country with much natural beauty. It has miles of beautiful beaches and is also surrounded by the majestic Andes Mountains. The Andes Mountains are among the highest mountains in the world. Argentina’s tallest mountain is Cerro Aconcagua.  This mountain reaches an amazing height of 22,200 ft. America’s tallest mountain only reaches a height of 20,000 ft.

Argentina has a huge industrial and agricultural base. Argentina has a large
number of natural resources, which include copper, silver, coal, iron ore, uranium, and petroleum. Argentina is the #1 copper producer in the world. Argentina also
produces huge amounts of coal and is self-sustained in petroleum products.
Argentina also grows much more food than it consumes. Its main crops include wheat, tobacco, and cattle. Argentina ranks 3rd among wheat exporters, right behind the United States and Canada. Argentina is also one of the largest tobacco exporters as well.

Argentina’s large industrial and agricultural base makes it one of the richest countries in South America. With its rich history, beautiful mountains and beaches, and wonderful Spanish culture, Argentina is a very special place to visit in South America.

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The Carnival is arguably the largest party on the planet, and Brazil is the proud host country

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Introduction.

The Carnival is arguably the largest party on the planet, and Brazil is the proud host country. For most of the local youth as well as tourists visiting the country, it is a period of celebrations and fun. The samba being the feast’s trademark dance is quickly learned, and preparations are made for four days of feasting, dancing and making merry. However, the festival has a religious connotation. Carnival is a period just before Lent, during which meat is eaten in preparation for the fast. After the commencement of Lent, meat is not consumed in this traditional Catholic country.  During Carnival, many Samba troupes – called ‘blocos’ – compete before a jury for the prestigious title of best dance group. Use of evocative costumes and floats is common in establishing and advancing each bloco’s theme. Most of Brazil closes up during this festival that attracts tourists from many parts of the world in their hundreds of thousands, even millions, come to witness, participate, and enjoy what many accept to be the largest festival in the world. Brazilians out of their country, either as emigrants, students or tourists on work or business, have been instrumental in introducing Carnival to the countries they reside in. The United States provides a good example of such a country. This paper seeks to look into Brazil’s tourism industry from a festival, and parade perspective. Carnival provides the best option to do this.

 

 

 

 

 

                                                               Brazil at a glance.

            As the 5th largest country in the world, and the second largest on the American continent, Brazil enjoys a wide geographical region. It is divided into four main regions, namely; the Paraguay basin, Amazon basin, two depressions and a long coastline. Large parts of the country are unpopulated, especially the Amazon basin, and large populations reside in the urban regions – especially large cities, as reported by Greenberg (1993).

            Brazil has an estimated population of 171 million people, divided into several ethnicities. 55% are of European descent, 38% are mullato, and 6 % are African. This translates to origins of Brazilians being; Portuguese, Spanish, Germans, Japanese, Amerindians, and Africans. Portuguese language is the official language, but Spanish, English, and French are used locally.

            Brazil is one of the fastest growing countries in the world from an economic perspective. Being the largest producer of oranges and coffee, the country also performs splendidly in terms of soybeans, rice, sugar cane, corn and animal products. However, agriculture accounts for less than a tenth of its GDP, with the manufacturing industry contributing 33%, and service industry more than 55%. Chemicals, textiles, metal ore and shoes products from most of the industrial products.

                                                        Brazil’s tourism pull-factors. 

            Brazil’s tourism industry is a vibrant affair, as millions visit the country every year bringing in billions of dollars in revenue. Some factors have been identified that are integral in promoting this industry. Soccer is perhaps the most famous, since one cannot mention Brazil without thinking of soccer. Being the only country to have won the world cup four times, Brazil is touted as one of – if not – the best team in the world. Pele, one of the best football players in history is Brazilian, as are Kaka, Roberto Carlos, Ronaldinho, and Ronaldo. These, and the Maracan – the largest football stadium in the world – make Brazil a tourist attraction that sees millions travel to the country each year.

            According to Selby (1998), the Amazon is the largest natural rainforest in the world. This vast belt of flora and fauna is large and diverse, attracting an equally vast array of tourists ranging from adventure- driven individuals, to scientists and explorers. It is estimated that more than 15 thousand individual species of animals and plants are yet to be identified, as well as a few human tribes, and scientific phenomena. The Amazon –longest river in the world – also flows through Brazil’s Amazon’s part of the Amazonia, bringing in throngs of adrenaline driven, nature-conscious, and conservation-driven tourists. Many more come to just awe at the sight of the world’s largest natural park.

The Carnival is characterized by numerous parades and festival throughout the country, but the ones at its capital city are the largest and most glamorous. The Guinness Book of World Records reports that as the largest festival, as attendance exceeds a million people. In 2013, the attendance in Rio de Janiero alone was estimated at 1.3 million according to the Tourism Company of the Municipality of Rio. In addition, an interesting aspect to this fact is that a third of the attendees were foreign tourists.

            The entire country’s revenue from this year’s festival is reported to be more than US $ 2.9billion. This is from the 6.2 million people who attended the entire country’s parades and festivals. Such figures portray the event’s importance as an important contributor to the country’s domestic and foreign tourism industry. 

                   

                                          History of the Brazilian Carnival.

            Immigrants from the Portuguese islands of Acores, Madeiras, and Cabo Verde are the earliest reported sources of the culture that precipitated Carnival. In 1723, they introduced ‘Entrudo’, a parade that involved throwing lime and water on the streets. Historical accounts present a case of a lady arrested in 1855 after throwing lime at Don Pedro’s escorts. That is stated as the first arrest of an unlawful attendee of the Carnival. Jose Nogueira de Azevedo also contributed to the inception of the Carnival through his street parades. He would march in the streets, tambourines, drums and pans in hand as he welcomed everyone to the fun.

            In contrast to the informal setup if earlier Carnival parades, the Great Societies was a more organized parade that involved a number of aristocrats in masks, luxury costumes, and flowers. In the presence of the Emperor, these eighty individuals danced and three groups stood out as the best. These are; ‘Fenanios’, ‘Democraticos’ and ‘Tenentes do Diabo’, and were considered the origin of blocos. A couple of decades later, in the 1870’s, concepts such as poverty, aristocracy, witchcraft and religion, were introduces into the now popular festival. Masks formed using papier-mache, and portraying all the themes were worn

Local investors identified the potential of such festivals and parades, and started sponsoring the events. A brewery in Hanseatica sponsored the works of the Bahia group in popularizing the Carnival’s festivals. Based on the popular culture of drinking during the same, such investment paid off for their donors, and played an integral role in familiarizing the parades to other parts of the country and world. Beatie (2004),  points out how the 1940’s and 1950’s, Samba became the trademark dance of the Carnival. Later, Samba schools were set up, and competition encouraged leading to the modern Carnival.

                   Factors influencing the Carnival and tourism in Brazil.

Carnival’s largest parade, the Rio de Janiero one, is a major tourist attraction as stated by the country’s tourism governing body. Some factors have been identified as important contributors to this great festival, and are also directly responsible for Brazil’s tourism growth.

The transport infrastructure in Brazil is quite advanced and supportive tot tourism. Its national airline, Varig, has direct flights to all major cities in America, Asia and Europe. This makes coming to either Rio de Janiero, or Sao Paulo very easy. Brazil being the fifth largest country in the world, makes travelling on the land an arduous affair. Thus, internal flights are also a common means of travelling. This demand has led to the emergence of a booming regional jet manufacturing industry in the form of the Embraer Company. Most roads are surfaced and the existence of good coach service complemented by a good railway system make it easy to move around Brazil. All these facilities are important in moving the millions that visit Brazil especially during the Carnival.

Accommodating more than 6 million tourists for less than a week for the Carnival is a tricky affair. The range of services available for tourists ranges from bed and breakfasts installations, to five and seven star luxury facilities. Many of the international heavy weights in terms of hospitality are present in Sao Paulo, as well as Rio de Janiero, making attending the Carnival easier.

Brazilian cuisine plays an important role in attracting and retaining tourists. During the period preceding Lent, which is when Carnival takes place, meat dishes are commonly consumed in anticipation for the fast and abstinence from meat foods, according to Karoff (1989). Feijoada is a dish that presents a wide variety of meats with beans and other accompaniments.

Sea food is also common during the parades, with fish in tangerine sauce as the favorite. These coupled with other common dishes, such as fruit cake and spicy sauces complement the general atmosphere that engulfs millions during this period of festivity. Numerous cocktails, liquors and beers are consumed alongside the dishes. Rum, Wines and other alcoholic beverages are the mainstay.

Political stability supports development, which in turn provides conducive environments for social activity, including tourism. Brazil gained independence in 1822, after which the country underwent a long period of military regimes and oppressive dictatorships. In the middle of this century, the country changed regimes and started fair democratic processes, which are supported the current social, economic and technological development. Tourists coming for the Carnival or any other activity are convinced that their safety is guaranteed on seeing the currently stable, political scenario. 

                 Problems associated with Carnival and tourism in Brazil general.

Over 6million tourists visited Rio de Janiero alone this year for the Carnival festival, precipitating an already bad overpopulation problem. Rio is a city already overflowing and suffering under the burden of sustaining more inhabitants than its infrastructure and resources were designed for. The Carnival pits these happy revelers against disgruntled locals in celebrations that make managing such large crowds virtually impossible.

A large gathering such Carnival bringing together high spirited, young and old people presents the best scenario for law breakers to carry out all sorts of evils. Anything from urinating in the streets, to pilferage, muggings and even stabbings have been reported as the party and festivities carry on. Military police officers have to be deployed to assist normal policing instruments, and even these fail in trying to curb the wave of crime that hits Brazil each time the Carnival takes place. Most of the lawbreakers are charged with indecent behavior, automotive infractions and dumping, but these are simple crimes compared to rape, abduction, murder and sexual slavery cases that get reported each year, dampening the spirit of potential tourists.

Social-economic problems brought to light during the Carnival include; homosexuality, indecency, drug use and abuse, racism and difference in social class. Albuquerque (2004), reports that homosexuals and transsexual individuals openly display themselves thus portraying Brazil – a traditionally Catholic country – as a supporter of the same. Drugs are peddled and used during the parades leading to increased crime. Racism, a common problem in multiethnic Brazil, comes to the limelight as the minority Black and mullato individuals are shunned by whites. Poverty is also demonstrated by the numerous street families residing in the alleys as the affluent foreign and domestic tourists enjoy themselves, oblivious of the suffering around them.

Pollution levels from the festivity and parade activities are another problem, as tones of garbage are produced on a daily basis. Those attending Carnival on the street level consume hundreds of thousands of liters of juices, beer and water. These are packaged in plastic containers that are most often dumped irresponsibly. Estimates put daily waste at more than 700 tones of such according to Rossi (2013), a concern for the country in times when global efforts to conserve and recycle are in high gear. In addition to these, urination and defecation present another major problem since amenities cannot cater for the sudden influx of millions in a city already struggling to handle its domestic waste. Numerous cars are used during the Carnival adding a large portion to Rio’s already large carbon footprint.

The current global economic hardships present another problem that faces the Carnival. The Rio City government has had to dig into its pockets for some years now since tourists numbers have been on a steady decline, rendering the city unable to meet the costs of the large Carnival. Large Brazilian companies are also pulling out of the Carnival as stated by Nlemar (2013), leaving the city government with the large burden of handling the large deficits involved. 

 

                                                 Conclusion.

Carnival continues to be an integral part of Brazil’s tourism industry, supplying the large Latin American nation with millions of eager tourists annually. As a festival that has been present for more than a century, Carnival has undergone numerous changes from its early years as an informal dance in the remote parts of colonial Brazil, to the current phenomena. Brazil’s economical welfare depends on tourism among other industries as has been demonstrated.

However, these important festivities come at a dear price. Carnival has been associated with sexual slavery, as abducted foreigners are forced into this heinous industry affecting the image of the country. Rape and murder are more crimes that occur during the 4 days that Brazil closes its normal operations, as well as the normal vices associated with such gatherings; muggings, robbery, stampedes, dumping, indecency and looting. Pollution, overpopulation, and congestion present more problems for the local authorities. 

 

 

 

                                                 Reference list.

Greenberg, A. (1993). Brazil On Your Own. Lincolnwood, Chicago: NTC Publishing Group

Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organizations, Software of the Mind. Untied States of America: McGraw-Hill

Karoff, B. (1989). South American Cooking, Foods & Feasts form the New World. Berkeley, California: Aris Books

Selby, N. (1998). Lonely Planet, Brazil. Hawthorn, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications

Internet

 

“Carnival Time in Brazil: Busiest Tourist Season.” The Epoch Times 1.1 (2013): 1. http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/s/business/. Web. 2 Nov. 2013.

 

B, Nlemar. “whenthenextdaycomes.” whenthenextdaycomes. Version 1. wordpress.com, 1 Jan. 2013. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. <http://whenthenextdaycomes.wordpress.com/2013/01/01/case-study-the-carnival-in-rio-de-janiero/>.

 

Beattie, Peter. The Human Tradition in Modern Brazil Issue 7 of Human tradition around the world. Sao Paulo: Rowman & Littlefield, 0. Print.

 

Albuquerque, Severino. Tentative Transgressions: Homosexuality, AIDS, and the Theater in Brazil. Pittsburg: Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2004. Print.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Country Report : – nursing assignment tutor

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 Country Report : Cuba
Exchange rates
  -Initial exchange rate
  -current exchange rate
  -comparison of exchange rates – appreciation, depreciation or pegged to the $
 Economy
  -economic system
  -GDP/GNP total (year reported)
  -GDP per capita
Economic activities
  -industries
  -main goods or services produced
 
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As the country focuses on the restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and fewer will be available in acute care hospitals.

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As the country focuses on the restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and fewer will be available in acute care hospitals.

Write an informal presentation (500-700 words) to educate nurses about how the practice of nursing is expected to grow and change. Include the concepts of continuity or continuum of care, accountable care organizations (ACO), medical homes, and nurse-managed health clinics.

Share your presentation with nurse colleagues on your unit or department and ask them to offer their impressions of the anticipated changes to health care delivery and the new role of nurses in hospital settings, communities, clinics, and medical homes.

In 800-1,000 words summarize the feedback shared by three nurse colleagues and discuss whether their impressions are consistent with what you have researched about health reform.

A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide,

The post As the country focuses on the restructuring of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and fewer will be available in acute care hospitals. appeared first on Infinite Essays.

 

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In every country government is involved in healthcare with varying degrees. Reasons for the role government in healthcare range from ethical and moral values to economic reasoning.explain economic reasons for the government role in healthcare

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1. In every country, government is involved in healthcare with varying degrees. Reasons for the role government in healthcare range from ethical and moral values to economic reasoning. In two hundred words or less, explain economic reasons for the government role in healthcare.

2. Market power of a firm increases with less competition. Consumers on the other hand lose as the industry becomes dominated by sellers with increasing market power. In two hundred words or less, explain how consumers lose when market power of sellers increase.

3. Draw two demand curves, one for consumers who are buying in a competitive seller market and one for consumers who are buying in non-competitive seller market. In hundred words or less, explain why the two curves are different.

4. Draw a market model for medical care. On the graph show the impact of the following:

a. Aging Population

b. Loss of jobs and wealth of citizens due to economic decline

c. High cost of medical inputs such as physician wages, hospital charges, pharmaceutical production mishaps etc.

d. Widespread availability of private and government medical insurance.

5. Draw a graph for medical care market. On the graph show the impact of:

a. Introducing a medical transcribing software to physician staff that is not working properly

b. Changes in tort law that is less favorable to the medical providers

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What interests me about the chapter is the significance that the political process plays in the development of health policy all around the country and how it impacts the provision of medical services in the health industry.

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Field: Nursing

Discussion 1 Respond To Two Peer With A Min 100 World

Discussion 1 respond to two peer with a min 100 world

1) Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare

Yuritza medina

Florida National University

Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare

From a reading of Chapter 1 of the book, I developed an in-depth understanding of the general perspective of the authors on policy and politics in nursing care. I selected this chapter because it provided an opportunity to understand the critical points in the issue of policy making and politics, as it relates to nursing care. The chapter introduced me to the making of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) which has become a rather debated law especially after it was assented. According to the authors, the ACA is “arguably the most significant piece of social legislation passed in the US since Medicare was implemented in 1985” (Mason, Leavitt, & Chaffee, 2011). The law was aimed at guaranteeing coverage to more than 94% of the population and ensure that patients are protected so that insurance companies do not deny them coverage on subjective grounds (Mason, Leavitt, & Chaffee, 2011). The author further notes that this law was aimed to do much more than reform the health insurance industry. It also contains provisions that seek to reform the procedure of delivering healthcare. This is premised on the realization that the national can no longer afford a health care system that is centered on providing technology-intensive acute care to individuals after they become sick or injured. Understanding the background to the development of the ACA helped me as an advanced practice nurse to learn that I should undertake the role of advocacy with utmost commitment. This is because I have a role of creating awareness in the community as I serve in that people should seek to follow the law because of the merits it has for the health sector. As an FNP, I will have an important role of being impartial, working to actualize the benefits envisioned by any given law that respects to the provision of nursing care.

References

Mason, D. J., Leavitt, J. K., & Chaffee, M. W. (2011). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Buettgens, M., Blumberg, L. J., Holahan, J., & Ndwandwe, S. (2016). The Cost of the ACA Repeal. Urban Institute.

Milstead, J. A. (2004). Health policy and politics: a nurse’s guide. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

2) Edith Elizabeth Gonzalez
Florida National University

Dr. Deborah Crevecoeur

1.-What interested you most about this chapter and why did you select it?

What interests me about the chapter is the significance that the political process plays in the development of health policy all around the country and how it impacts the provision of medical services in the health industry.

2- How does it relate to what you understand or have learned so far about the role of nurses and advanced practice nurses in policy and politics?

It reveals that nurses have much to offer the entire political process and therefore need to develop all the relevant skills in political analysis and strategy so as to be able to make a substantial change in the setting of relevant laws and policies in the health industry.

3- How does it relate to your current clinical practice?

Give at least one specific example.It may enable the institution of relevant and beneficial policies that will aid the nursing fraternity immensely. For instance, the proposed mandatory continuation of the education process for nurses can serve as a possible solution to the problematic challenge of ensuring the competency of the nursing staff (White 2011).

4- How does it relate to what you hope to accomplish as an advanced practice nurse?

As a practicing nurse I aim to provide ultimate health care service for the patients who are under my care and therefore through the use of legislation and the setting of policies by policy makers I can be able to take care of key stakeholders in the healthcare industry such as the patients to whom I have a duty to cater to their best interests. Furthermore consumer advocacy organizations such as AARP possess significant bargaining and lobbying power to necessitate important reforms in the healthcare industry thereby streamlining and enhancing my work as a health official.

References

White, K. M. (2011). Demonstrating the value of the nursing workforce: an interview with Kathleen M White. Interview by Deborah Gardner. Nursing Economic$, 29(5), 276–277.

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which resource and in which country/industry are seen as scarce and what is being done in the industry or country. What substitutes have been used to overcome this problem!

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 Choose any One of the topics from the following list: • Scarce resources- which resource and in which country/industry are seen as scarce and what is being done in the industry or country. What substitutes have been used to overcome this problem! • Micro economics – Choose any industry and discuss the reforms done or needed in that industry. • Demand and supply of a product of your choice and factors that affect the demand and supply sides of the market. • Market structures like Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic competition in Australia.
Instruction:

HI5003 Economics for Business
Tri2 2016
(More in your unit outline)
Topics for Individual essay DUE Class 6

Choose any One of the topics from the following list:

• Scarce resources- which resource and in which country/industry are seen as scarce and what is being done in the industry or country. What substitutes have been used to overcome this problem!

• Micro economics – Choose any industry and discuss the reforms done or needed in that industry.

• Demand and supply of a product of your choice and factors that affect the demand and supply sides of the market.

• Market structures like Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic competition in Australia.

Structure of the Essay

• Introduction – which topic 200 words
• Body- Discuss the topic in the article and with some theory -700 words
• Conclusion 100 words

Note=
– More marks for research – choosing a good article on something specific topic from the above list
– There is no need to explain the theory/concepts in the essay on its own
– More marks for application and your comments on the topic
– You need to provide a link to the article with your essay. Also attach the safe assignment report with your essay, if a hard copy is required.
– Upload the soft copy on BB by Fri 5pm week 6.

HI5003 Economics for Business

                     Tri2 2016          

                 (More in your unit outline)

       Topics for Individual essay   DUE Class 6

 

Choose any One of the topics from the following list:

 

  • Scarce resources- which resource and in which country/industry are seen as scarce and what is being done in the industry or country. What substitutes have been used to overcome this problem!

 

  • Micro economics – Choose any industry and discuss the reforms done or needed in that industry.

 

  • Demand and supply of a product of your choice and factors that affect the demand and supply sides of the market.

 

  • Market structures like Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic competition in Australia.

 

 

Structure of the Essay

 

  • Introduction – which topic 200 words
  • Body- Discuss the topic in the article and with some theory -700 words
  • Conclusion 100 words

 

Note=

  • More marks for research – choosing a good article on something specific topic from the above list
  • There is no need to explain the theory/concepts in the essay on its own
  • More marks for application and your comments on the topic
  • You need to provide a link to the article with your essay. Also attach the safe assignment report with your essay, if a hard copy is required.
  • Upload the soft copy on BB by Fri 5pm week 6.

 

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examine the selected event that appears to have been a turning point in the history of education in this country

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From the e-Activity, examine the selected event that appears to have been a turning point in the history of education in this country. Determine how this event has impacted today’s learning environments. Predict how this event will affect learning environments in the future. Create a short (one to two paragraphs) speech to deliver to your local school board members that convinces them that a learning organization provides the most stimulating student learning environment. Predict at least two major issues that the school board will foresee encountering and provide solutions for their concerns.

Week 4 eActivity The path to bureaucratization of schools includes many key events. Use the Internet to research the Tenth Amendment, Title I, No Child Left Behind, or another important historical event in education of your choosing. Be prepared to discuss.

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You must provide evidence to support or refute this argument and compare with at least one other similar and dissimilar economic country.

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Question: The economics of uncontrolled asthma
Evidence suggests there is a significant economic impact due to the number of people with uncontrolled asthma in Australia. You must provide evidence to support or refute this argument and compare with at least one other similar and dissimilar economic country.
Deadline: 25th October
Words: 2700
Criterias:
You will be assessed on the following:
Report Format use and length – use of an executive summary (ES) Contents Page (CP) matching section headings in text, with page numbering.
Keeping to the word limit of 2700 words. This excludes the ES, CP and references. Words in tables count towards your word count.
Academic writing skills, construction of paragraphs – written in a formal academic style, edited for spelling, grammar and language fluency, citation and referencing.
Contents relevant to the subject and topic adequately covered.
Ability to support argument with evidence. For example, say “this resulted in an increase in spending by 10% over the 2007-2010 period”, NOT ‘this resulted in an increase in spending”.
Evidence of critical analysis of sources and content, eg strengths, weaknesses identified, recommendations ma

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